2IO THE GA'ALlfN AND DANAGLA GROUP m. i. xix.

Fadl in Zernakh and Kebsh and Um Bel districts. Since then these have been joined yearly by others of their kin until at the present day there are few of them left in Darfur.

XX The subdivisions of the Beni Fadl of Kordofan are : Hadarma Geraywat 'Ukbab HOMRAN MuHAMMADfA DeBAGHNA ZuAiDA 'Amiri'a Mukurna Those of the Manasra are as follows : HiSAMIA j(a) TiBAYKAT [(b) Abu 'Amir Hammadia I (a) Abu Sinabo \(b) Abu Himayyir GiMAYLiA j{a) Shabul* \{b) Um Sowar Merashish j(a) Um 'Az6za [(b) GEBARfN XXI The RuBATAB are upstream of the Manasir as far as the fifth cataract and their country corresponds roughly to the Inspectorate of Abu Hammad. The 'Awadia section, which appears in the "nisbas" under the heading of Rubatab is, from all but the genealogical point of view, quite distinct. They are largely nomadic', and graze over Berber Province with various subtribes of the Ga'alii'n proper. The closeness of the connection between the Rubatab and the Numbers of both are also scattered elsewhere, e.g. near to the S.E. of el Nahud.

* These deny any connection with the Hadarma or Hadarba or Hadareb of the Red Sea coast, but the connection may none the less exist.

These claim to be the same as the Ya'akubab of Sennar, whom we shall meet as a branch of Shafkfa. The root of both words is of course the same, but whether the Ya'akubab are more properly Beni Fadl or Shafkia I cannot say. There are said to be now no other Beni Fadl on the river.

* This name also occurs as that of a section of Habbdnfa and of a brand used by the Hamar Gharaysia.

" An interesting account of the "Customs of the Rubdtab" will be found in No. 2 of Stidan Notes and Records (1918) from the pen of Mrs J. W. Crowfoot. These include remarks on their "General Traits," their "Cult of Holy men" and their "Customs and Ceremonies" (Marriage Preliminaries, Weddings, Duties of a man and his Parents-in-law, Naming of the child and shaving of the head, etc., Tribal Marks, Circumcision and Funerals). The account given was supplied by a Rubatabi sheikh, but, as is pointed out, it would apply almost equally to most of the tribes on Nile banks in Khartoum, Berber or Dongola Provinces, and consequently to many other districts whither these have emigrated.

" Lepsius {Discoveries..., p. 238) speaks of them ("'Auadieh") as "far more considerable than the Ababde." For their subsections see sheet 3 of genealogical tree illustrating MS. "ABC."

' Their camel-brand is a well-known one: it consists of a " Kildda" and an " 'amud" on the right side of the neck, the latter being above and at right angles to the former.