m. 1. XIX. THE GA'ALlfN AND DANAGLA GROUP 209 B. BUTUGAB fl. HUWAB 2. Harayrab 3. Shabala 4. Zakiab 5. DeraysAb 6. Atamra 7. Shuaynab (living among the 'Ashama) C. 'AbAdla fi, 'Awadab Others {: (J) THE RUBATAB, 'AWADfA, MANASfR, FADLIIN, MIRAFAB, AND DUBAB, etc.

XIX The country appropriated to the three riverain tribes of RuBATAB, Manasir and Mi'rafab lies roughly between the fourth cataract and the junction of the Atbara with the Nile, that is between the SHAiKfA and the Ga'aliin proper, on either side of the great loop in the river The Manasir*, having their headquarters at Berti on the boundary between Berber and Dongola Provinces, are neighbours of the Shaikia, and Burckhardt spoke of them as practically a subtribe of the latter, though "not strictly belonging to" them.

Some two hundred years ago or less a large colony of Manasir and Fadliin left the Nile and migrated westwards to Darfur. There they settled round Sani Karro, Tulu and Gebel el Hella and called themselves Manasra and Beni Fadl respectively. Subsequently, when the Hamar moved eastwards from Um Shanga and opened up western Kordofan by hollowing the baobabs for water-storage, certain of these Manasra and Beni Fadl joined them. More came in the Turkish days; but the largest movement of all took place about 1904 when, tired of the oppression to which they were subjected by the Sultan of Darfur, more than half of both tribes left Darfur and settled in Dar Hamar, the Manasra chiefly round el Odaya and the Beni 2j (" butuga") is said to meanJi, i.e. "to be plentiful."

From the root ("dates").

' Derived from " 'Abdulla," a curious plural. Many of the 'Abadla are sedentary.

* The name is simply a plural formed from "Mansur." Those on the river, in Berber district, comprise the following small sections:—Sulaymanfa, Salamat, Berti, Sherreri and Shirri. Inland are a few Kagubab, Khubara and others. They number some 600 men in all.

Nubia, p. 69. Sir C. Wilson in 1887 estimates them at about 2500 men, and reports that they claim kinship with the 'Ababda.

* They say they were in a rough proportion of two of the latter to one of the former.

M.S.I. 14