96 THE NON-ARAB RACES OF DARFUR i. 4. xx.

singular Dimougozci is formed from this word and the head sheikh {Shartdi) of the district is still known as the Dimangowi or Diimimgmci .

"Dimanga" therefore includes all the Temurka and soi-disant KuNGARA under the Dumungowi. This group includes several subdivisions, local rather than lineal, namely: Murginga, or Murkei, the Hagaranga Dumungowi's own section Suronga BuRNA, or Burnabatinga Mayringa NUYGONGA TeBELLA Mederinga Now el Tunisi, who speaks of the Dar Abo Di'ma ("Dar Abadyma") as the Temurka country and of the Abo Di'ma himself as the dignitary "qui a le Temourkeh comme apanage attache a son rang," describes the latter as living in a less mountainous and inaccessible country and as being more civilized than the rest of the Fur, who were "une population a peau tres-noire, ayant les yeux rouges sur la sclerotique, et les dents naturellement rougeatres... brutaux et coleres, surtout dans I'etat d'ivressc.d'une grossierete et d'une brutalite extraordinaires," but he is either making a comparison with the Fur of Marra, to whom the words quoted admirably apply, or (more probably) he refers to the Kungara element which, as personified by the headman, may have been the only one in the Abo Di'ma's sphere w ith which he happened to have been brought into contact. The name Temurka* at present is used to designate the less civilized element in the far south-west, who are feared on account of their power to transmogrify themselves into animals and to come to life again after death, and is almost a term of reproach. Of their customs more will be said later. Dar Abo Di'ma extends, roughly est-il Xm€ k la guerre, le Kamneh, s'il lui survit et s'il revient, est mis h. mort; on rtrangle en secret. Son successeur est elu par le sultan nouveau. Si le sultan meurt dans son lit, on laisse survivre le Kamneh. Les pays du Darfour ou on ne parle pas arabe appellent encore le Kamneh, aba-fory, le pre du Darfour"—[This is not quite accurate: "Abo" is a courtesy title]—"...II a...presque la meme liberty de conduite et d'action que le Sultan..." (p. 172).

When 'Ali Dinar was killed in 1916 the "Fur" of the day, one Sayfo, a Fur, survived (having deserted a week or t%vo before) and so incurred great odium among the Fur. I heard him spoken of not only as the "neck" but "the half oi the Sultan," i.e. I suppose, his "second self." El Tunisi's account was more or less borne out except that I understood that however the Sultan died the "Fur6" must die also and that for a new Sultan there must necessarily be a new " Fur," but of the same family.

' Called after a local grass named "mayri."

- The word means "pigeons" in Fur. It is used both of the district and its inhabitants.

' Voy. au Darfour, pp. 136, 141, 146, 148.

* In Furian dialect "Tumurdongo."