I. 4. XX. THE NON-ARAB RACES OF DARFUR 95

remained in power in northern and central Kordofan until the Turkish conquest of 1821, and it has been mentioned how during

the preceding period of the decadence of the Fung kingdom in the Gezira they penetrated as far east as the Nile. It is thus that we have

at present a sprinkHng of Kungara and Musaba'at in Kordofan,

and it is partly on the same account, though by no means wholly,

that the Gawama'a show marked signs of Fur influences 1.

The Kayra are subdivided into Basinga and Telinga, but

neither term has any tribal or local connotation. The Basinga are the immediate relatives on the father's and the mother's side of the last

reigning Sultan and the Telinga are remoter branches ofthe same stock.

The former use the camel brand as (a), ^^= calling it "the Kayra" and the Sultan himself I I P 1 used to add a war-drum and sticks, making it '^ A A A

appear as (b)^. ^

The most thickly populated part of the Fur country proper is

that lying south-west of Gebel Marra, and here, in so far as any

single tribal name can be applied at all, the people are Temurka though the "upper classes" claim a Kungara connection. These

parts, in the days when the Fur ruled from Marra, were under a

viceroy known as the Dima or Abo Dima. His sphere was known as Dar Abo Dima^ and the people subject to him as Dimanga. A

1 See Part III, Chap. i.

^ Notice the resemblance to the Birked and Dadinga brands. The former omits the crows-feet: the latter includes one of them. The use of a war-drum and sticks

as a brand both at G. Haraza and among the Tungur the Birked and the Fur has already been noted (see sub Birked). The crowsfoot ("Rigl el Ghorab") is also the commonest brand among the Bulikera and Derham sections at el Haraza and Kaga

(see MacMichael, Camel Brands..., p. 34), and is further evidence of the connection between these hillmen of northern Kordofan and the Darfur tribes.

' Q.v. on Nachtigal's and Mason's maps of Darfur (second half nineteenth century). Dar Abo Dfma includes in its geographical scope much of what is, in

fact, the country of the Ta'aisha and the Beni Helba Arabs (Bakkara) and the

Masalft and Fellata, all of whom have obtained their rights at the expense of the Fur.

The Abo Dfma in the south-west corresponded to the Abo Uma in the south-

east, the Abu Dali in the centre, the Tekenyawi in the north, etc. The name Abo

Dfma, or rather Dfma alone, means the right arm [of the Sultan]. El Tunisi, who speaks of "Abadyma" {loc. cit. p. 132, etc.), agrees as to this, saying the term denotes the right arm or right wing and that the Abo Dfma used to march with

his troops on the Sultan's right. It was customary to name all the chief dignitaries of the state after various parts of the Sultan's body. El Tunisi gives several examples,

e.g. "Abo Dfma" the right arm, the "Tekenyawi" the left arm, the "Urundulu" the head [N.B., this is doubtful: see later, p. 105], the "Abo Uma" the dorsal vertebrae {ibid. pp. 172, 173); but all accounts do not agree in detail. For instance, that given to me by reliable people in Darfur is that the "Abo Dfma" was the right arm, the "Abo Uma" the left arm, the "Tekenyawi" the loins ("sulub"), the "Abo Dali" the trunk, the "Abo Gebayin" (in charge of collecting the corn taxes) the stomach, etc.

Perhaps the most interesting of all is the "Abo Fur^," or " Kamne," of whom

el Tunisi (Joe. cit.) says: "Son nom [Kamneh] signifie: le col du sultan. Le sultan