The Chapter of Al-Mirghani's Success in Sudan: Al-Mirghani's attempts on the Red Sea coasts met with failure due to the opposition of the Emperor of Abyssinia to Islamic proselytization. Similarly, Al-Mirghani's success in Egypt was not significant due to the deep-rootedness of the Sufi orders there.

However, his tours in Sudan found unprecedented popularity and acceptance, especially in North and East Sudan. We will try to identify the most important reasons that led to this great success, and also explain why the spread of the order weakened in some parts of Sudan that Al-Mirghani actually visited.

Dr. Abu Salim attributes Al-Mirghani's success to the weakness and fragmentation of the Sufi orders in Sudan at that time. The Qadiriyya, the largest order in Sudan, was suffering from fragmentation due to the lack of central leadership.

The Samaniyya, on the other hand, was weakened by internal disputes and divisions.

It was not only the Sufi orders that suffered from chaos and divisions; the ruling system was also pervaded by this spirit. The Funj state was in its final days, and disputes were the dominant feature of its governance. These conflicts bequeathed weakness to the state, causing it to collapse later in the face of the invading Turkish and Egyptian forces.

The Qadiriyya order did not have a unified leadership within Sudan; its influence remained distributed among a number of sheikhs. Among the most prominent sheikhdoms of the order in Sudan were the sheikhdom of Al-Kabashiya, founded by Sheikh Ibrahim Al-Kabashi (d. [year]), whose followers are the disciples of Sheikh Hassouna Abu Sajada. The sheikhdom of Al-Makashifi, whose followers are in Medani, Al-Managil, and Al-Jazeera. The sheikhdom of Al-Arkiyyin in Al-Jazeera. And the sheikhdom of Sheikh Al-Ja'ali in North Sudan (see Khartoum University Library, Pamphlets 14:3, typed pages, Sudan).

The leadership within the Samaniyya order branched out, and more than one sheikhdom emerged. There was the branch of Sheikh Muhammad Al-Tayyib Al-Basir, and the father of this Muhammad Al-Tayyib, Sheikh Al-Basir, had taken the order from Sheikh Al-Tayyib, a respected man who became a prominent sheikh among its sheikhs. Among those who pledged allegiance to the Samaniyya from Al-Basir was Sheikh Al-Qurashi Wad Al-Zein himself. Then there was the branch of Sheikh Al-Qurashi and the branch of Sheikh Muhammad Sharif Nur Al-Da'im, a grandson of Sheikh Ahmad Al-Tayyib Al-Bashir. The first two branches contributed significantly to the advent and support of the Mahdiya. As for the latter branch, it had clear stances against the Mahdiya (Ahmad Othman Muhammad Ibrahim: Al-Jazeera during the Mahdiya, Master's thesis, University of Khartoum, Faculty of Arts, typed pages, 1991, pp. 10-11). See also: Muhammad Ibrahim Abu Salim: Researches in Sudanese History, pp. 70-71, 1991.