xiv CONTENTS.

PACE

THE NORTHBROOK MISSION 392

Effect in Egypt of the withdrawal of the British troops from the Soudan — Recurrence of financial difhculties^— Difficult position of Nubar as Premier — Sir Evelyn Baring summoned home to consult with her

Majesty's Government — I^rd Northbrook sent out to Egypt — He orders funds hypothecated to the service of the Debt to be paid into Treasury — Continental Powers protest — International courts decide in favour of the protest — The London Conference — The Suez Canal neutralized —

Proposal to construct second canal — Zobehr Pasha imprisoned at Gibraltar.

THE ANGLO-TURKISH CONVENTION 406

Sir H. Drummond Wolff sent to Constantinople as High Commis-

sioner to negotiate Convention with Turkey in respect of Egypt — His appointment mainly due to Lord Randolph ChurchilPs influence — Mukhtar Pasha selected as fellow-commissioner — Negotiations at Cairo suspended by Ministerial crisis in England — Negotiations resumed on Lord Salisbury's return to office — Convention concluded at Cairo — Rejected by the Porte at instance of France.

THE DERVISH INVASION OF EGYPT 419

Anticipations of Dervish raid on Egypt — Advance delayed by sudden death of the Mahdi— Abdullah el Taashi becomes ruler of the

Soudan as Khalifa — Battle of Toski — Rout of Dervishes — Cessation of active hostilities between the Soudan and Egypt.

EGYPT UNDER BRITISH SUPERVISION 426

Apparent indifference of Egypt to the Soudanese campaigns — Rigid economy introduced into the administration of Egypt under British control — Reconstruction of native army — Divergences of view between Nubar Pasha and Sir Evelyn Baring — Resignation of Nubar Pasha — Estimate of Nubar's policy.

POSITION OF TEWFIK AFTER THE MUTINY .... 445

Tewfik's attitude towards England — French influence with his High-

ness causes him to be suspicious of British policy — Explanation of the hostile disposition of France — Riaz retires from Premiership owing to his opposition to legal reforms — Project for establishment of German chartered Company in the Soudan — Death of Tewfik.

THE ACCESSION OF ABBAS II 457

Early education of Abbas II. — Was a student at Vienna when called to succeed his father on the throne — Surrounded at Vienna bv influences unfriendly to England — His formal investiture as Kheilive insisted upon by the Sultan — Abbas II. proposes to make Tigrane