502 INDEX Barbot, quoted, 322, 323, 324, 334, 336, 337, 340 Barth, Dr., explorer, quoted, 155, 156, 157, 260, 262, 263, 271, 342, 377, 379, 465 _ Bautchi submits to British administration, 434 Bello, Sultan — Quoted, 270, 275, 276 Reign of, 390-398 Ben Musa, Arab geometer, 35 Benins, The, 179 Berber Tribes — Almohades rule in Spain, 58-65 Almoravides. See that title Conquered by Arabs : result, amalgamation, 26-32 Characteristics similar to primitive races of N. Europe, 32, 34 Lemtunah nation, 53 Origin of, 13-15 Revolt and conquer Spain, 52-57 Blyden, Dr., quoted, 376 Borgu, kingdom of, 106, 179 ; conquered by Askia, 193 Bornu States — Condition at time of Moorish invasion, 286 Disruption in, 399, 400 History of, 106, 236, 251, 252, 254, 264, 268-281 Invaded by Fulani, 388 Mohammed el Kanemi, 388, 389 Occupied by British, 433-436 Slave-raid described, 412-415 Bosman, quoted, 338, 340 Brandenburgh, has settlements on West Coast, 326 British Empire — Not a white empire, i Tropical area, extent and richness, 1,2 Burials, Royal, in Ghana, 67 Caille, Reni, 341 Caliphate, The — Divides into Eastern and Western Caliphates, 32, 34 Eastern, overthrown by Tartars, 67 Western breaks up into three Powers, 67 Cannibalism, 124 Caravan routes, 15-17 Cargill, Dr., quoted, 47 Carnegie, Mr., 422 Chartered Company on West Coast (seventeenth century), 329-332 Chinese coins found on East Coast of Africa, 222 Chinese labour. See Coloured labour Christianity — Spread in Central Africa by refugees, 234 Stronghold in N. Africa in early days, 14 Clapperton, Captain, explorer, 342 Coloured labour, 3-6 Columbus, 185-187, 188, 292 Congo Free State founded, 350 Cordova. See under Spain Cotton growing, N. Nigeria, 487-489 Crusades, The, 59, 251 Cyrene, 13 Dahomey, French Protectorate of, 358 Decoeur, Captain, 359, 360 Delafosse, M., quoted, 379, 380 Denham, Major, quoted, 342, 376, 377, 388, 389, 409 Denmark — Cruelty of agents on West Coast, 337 Settlements, 326, 329 Djolfs, The, 81 Djouder Pasha, commander Moorish army, 296-305, 311-313 Dutch settlement on West Coast, 325-327, 329, 330, 337 Dwarfs, near Gao, 157, 158 Ebn Junis, astronomer, invented pendulum, 35, 38 Egypt-Conquered by Cambyses, 95 Early civilisation, 9, 10 Ethiopian dynasty, Persian conquest, the Ptolemies, 233, 234 Expeditions westward and southward under Pharaoh, 230-234 Hyksos dyn a sty, 3 Mamelukes, invaded by Tamerlane, 286 Nimrod the Powerful, legend, 227-228