TRAVELS OF CAILLIAUD Strabo, Diodorus, and later classical writers, but the antiquities of Egypt alone formed a field sufficiently large for their exertions, and as the physical difficulties which barred the way against a scientific mission into Nubia were of no light character, Napoleon's savants decided, and no doubt rightly, that an archaeological examination of the country south of Philae might be left to the scholars who would succeed them. As soon as an THE TEMPLES OF SEMNA AND KUMMA AS THEY APPEARED IN 182O.

A.—The temple of Kumnia (west bank). B.—The temple of Thothmes III. (east bank). C.—The temple of Tirhakah (east bank).

efficient system of police was established between the First and Second Cataracts, travellers were able to enter Nubia, and to proceed so far as Wadi Haifa, and at the beginning of 1816 M. Cailliaud was among the number of those who were in the happy position of having actually seen Abu Simbel and the other ancient Egyptian remains which are to be found in that district.

On November 25th, 1820, M. Cailliaud, accompanied by 39