THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN more numerous, and in a better state of preservation, than in the latter half of the nineteenth century. A few miles north of Sulb they visited the tomb which is hewn out high up in the rock at Dosha, but they failed to recognize the cartouche of Usertsen III., which is cut on the wall nearest the river. On January 25th they were opposite to the Island of Sai, which is about eight miles long and three miles wide, but were, as on a former occasion, unable to visit the ruins on it because they could not obtain a boat to take them across the river. On February ist, 1821, they returned to Wadi Haifa, having occupied about eighty-four days, including intervals for rest, in travelling to Merawi and back. They were the first to publish any detailed account of the antiquities of Gebel Barkal, and the study of the monumental archaeology of the Sfidan may be said to have begun with the publication of their travels.

It has already been said above that on their return journey Messrs. Hanbury and Waddington met the French travellers Cailliaud and Letorzec, who were actively employed in examining the antiquities of the Sudan, and in visiting the places on each side of the Nile where history or report declared that ruins of ancient temples, &c., existed, and here a brief account of the travels of these distinguished Frenchmen naturally follows. M.

Cailliaud, the author of the famous work " Voyage a Mroe," began his career as archaeologist and traveller by spending a period of three and a half years (1815-1818) in examining the antiquities of Egypt, and he even succeeded in visiting some of the Oases in the Western Desert. He had for guidance in his work the results obtained by the great expedition inaugurated by Napoleon I., but, as is well known, the Island of Philae at the south end of the First Cataract marked the limit of its labours to the south, and we are quite justified in asserting that none of the savants among the members of that expedition had the remotest idea of the number and importance of the antiquities which existed between Aswan and Khartum. That remams of ancient cities and monuments must be there was no doubt assumed by every one who had read the works of Herodotus, ' He was born June 9th, 1787, and died May ist, 1869.

See his " Voyage k I'Oasis de Thebes."

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