THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN he performed the Jiagg, or pilgrimage, to Mount Arafat, in the company of about eijjijy thousand pilgrims. From this time forward he prefixed to his name the title of " Haggi," i.e., one who had made the pilgrimage to the sites held to be holy by the Muhammadans, and it served him in good stead. From Mekka he marched through the deserts to Medina, where he was attacked by a fever, which prostrated him until April, 1815. As soon as he was able to bear the motion of a camel he marched to Yembo, on the sea-coast ; a native ship took him to Ras Muhammad, in the Peninsula of Sinai, and from this place he proceeded to Suez, vi4 Tor, and reached Cairo on June 19th. During this last expedition into the Hijaz his health entirely broke down, and he himself attributed it to the climate, and to the water, which is everywhere brackish and of a bad taste. In April, 1816, Burckhardt was sufficiently well to travel through the Peninsula of Sinai, and to visit all the principal sites ; he returned in June to Cairo, where he lived until his death on October 15th, 1817. He was buried according to Muhammadan ritual, and at his funeral the greatest respect and grief were exhibited by natives of all classes.

From his reports to the African Association on the various countries through which he passed, it is evident that Burckhardt was a man of great intelligence, learning, and tact, and that he possessed to the fullest extent all the qualifications which are necessary for a traveller who wishes to live among the suspicious and crafty dwellers in the desert, and to obtain information from them.

These reports were written under the greatest difficulties, for little privacy is enjoyed by the man who chooses to travel in the East as a native, and he was obliged to jot down his facts on loose scraps of paper, as he sat or squatted under the friendly shadow of his camel, whilst scorching winds laden with minute particles of sand rendered writing almost impossible. Many of his observations were put into writing whilst he was suffering from the lassitude left by fever, and from ophthalmia. In spite of such inconveniences the narratives of his journeys in Egypt, Nubia, the Sudan, Sinai, Syria, &c., are wonderfully accurate, and, when first published, must have come as a revelation to those who were interested, pecuniarily or otherwise, in these regions. They bear upon them indelible marks of being the work of a man whose 32