THE EGYPTIAN SUDAN The extent and limits of Kash in the time of Usertsen I. are unknown, but it seems that its northern frontier was a little to the south of the modern town of Korosko, whilst its southern border was probably near the junction of the White and Blue Niles. Speaking generally, the Egyptians divided the northern SudS,n into two parts ; the northern part was called Uauat, and the southern Kash. Uauat was conquered by Amenemhat I., who set up his boundary inscription near Korosko, and his son certainly overran all the northern part of Kash, and set up his boundary stone not far from the modern town of Wadi Haifa. Near this town Champollion ' discovered a stele which refers to the conquests of Usertsen I. in the Sudan, and on it this king claims to have conquered the countries of Huu, Kas,- Shemik, Khasaa, Shaat, Akherkiu, Uau, Khemer(?), and Amau, and it is probable that this stele formerly marked the limit of Egyptian territory on the south. The stele is now exhibited in the Museum at Florence.'' Whatever may have been the size of the army which Usertsen I. led into the Sudan, it is quite clear that the expeditions of Ameni bear a striking resemblance to the modern slave-hunting expeditions so graphically described by the late Sir Samuel Baker in his Albert Nyanza (p. 12). In his account of them Ameni says never a word to indicate that the Egyptians attempted to administer the country which they raided ; but he boasts that he went to the Sudan for gold and " stuff," and brought both back.

In the summer of 1892, Captain H. G. Lyons, R.E., carried out a number of important excavations on the west bank of the river opposite Wadi Haifa, and made an examination of the remains of all the temples of the Xllth and XVIIIth Dynasties which are to be found on the site. He found the little mudbrick temple and fort of Usertsen I. and completely cleared it, and in the course of his work he discovered another temple which was built by Thothmes IV., a king of the XVIIIth Dynasty. The ' See his Letters, p. loi ; Notices, p. 692 ; Monuments, torn. i. pi. i., No. i ; Rosellini, Monumetiti Storici, pi. 25, No. 4 ; Birch, Ae}!;. Zeit., 1874, p. 11 1 ff.

J \ _ rv" ' / * No. 2540.

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