PREFACE

present at Khartum are sufficiently numerous to meet all demands

which may be made upon them. Meanwhile those who have the

interests of the Sudan truly at heart must hope that its present

rulers may long be spared to continue the work which they

have begun, and to put into execution the projects for its benefit

which they have in their minds.

The portion of this book which describes the temples and

pyramids of the Sudan is illustrated by a series of outline drawings made from the excellent plates published by Lepsius in his

Denkmdler, and by a number of photographic reproductions of

plates from the works of Cailliaud, Russegger, and others. The

former do not, unfortunately, indicate the effect produced in the

sculptures by the curious system of flat relief adopted by the

Meroitic artists, but they are invaluable as pictures of the bas-

reliefs in the condition in which they were about sixty years ago,

i.e., when they were comparatively perfect. My thanks are due

to the Comptroller of His Majesty's Stationery Office for per-

mission to reproduce several of the illustrations in Sir William

Garstin's Report on the Basin of the Upper Nile, and to Captain

Lyons, R.E., I am indebted for a plan of the fort which he

excavated at Wadi Haifa Many of the other illustrations have

been made from photographs and plans kindly lent me for re-

production by Miss Hilda Burrows, Sir Reginald Wingate, Sirdar and Governor-General of the Sudan, Sir Percy Girouard, R.E.,

Captain E. C. Midwinter, R.E., Director of Sudan Railways,

Lieut. P. E. Lord, R.E., Mr. J. W. Crowfoot, Inspector of

Education, the Hon. N. C. Rothschild, Mr. R. Tlirstig, Mr. G. Mason, Lieut. E. C. A. Newcombe, and Mr. C. C. F. Mackenzie.

To the Editor of the Times I owe permission to reproduce

passages from the speeches of Lord Cromer, and from the able

letters on the Sudan Campaigns written by its correspondent,

Mr. E. F. Knight.

It is now my pleasant dut}' to offer to the Trustees of the

British Museum my grateful thanks for the frequent opportunities which they have given me of studying the antiquities of the Sudan, and to their Director, Sir Edward Maunde Thompson, K.C.B., for much friendly advice and helpful suggestions in carrying out their

directions. The wishes of the Trustees were warmly supported

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