Kordofan Kordofan people in the province, and many of the poorer men go to Khartum to work in the public service till they have money enough to buy some cattle and settle down in their own country.

The Nubas, all living in the southern hill country, have often been raided by the Baggara Arabs for slaves and cattle and were terribly harassed under the Dervish rule. Under the present regime, they are gradually settling down, though they raid one another, from time to time. They cultivate a great deal of land and have many cattle, sheep and goats.

The resources of Kordofan are considerable, but require time and population to develop them. All the main roads have now been cleared of bush, and a railroad is to be built from the Nile near Kosti to El Obeid, but at present all transport is by camels in the north and pack-bulls and donkeys in the south. The chief source of revenue is gum arabic, but, as yet, only a small part of the vast gum forests are being worked. The herds of camels and cattle are very important, but mineral resources are rather limited. Iron is plentiful and salt is found in considerable quantities. On the whole, Kordofan is fairly rich as countries go in Central Africa. The revenue is now about $300,000 and the expenditures $175,000, so that the province is paying its way and contributing its share to the central administration. It will be a generation or more before the enormous losses from battle and famine under the Mahdist despotism can be replaced, though there is now no tribe that cannot be described as fairly well off.

GEOGRAPHICAL RECORD NORTH AMERICA CALIFORNIA'S MINERAL OUTPUT IN I909. Lewis E. Aubury, State Minerologist of California, informs the Bulletin that, subject to trifling alterations, the statistical mineral returns for the State, in I909, exclusive of gold, silver and platinum, figures for which are being collected by the U. S. Census Bureau, will reach over $61,324,000. The precious metals will bring the aggregate up to $80,000,000 and probably more. The value of the total mineral production will exceed that of I908 by about $14,000,000. The value of the total output in 1907 was $55,697,949; I908, $66,363,198; I909, about $80,000,0000. A large part of the advance of I909 over 1908 was due to the increase in production and average price of petroleum. The output of petroleum in I909 was 58,191,723 barrels valued at $32,398,187. California, in 1908, led all the people in the province, and many of the poorer men go to Khartum to work in the public service till they have money enough to buy some cattle and settle down in their own country.

The Nubas, all living in the southern hill country, have often been raided by the Baggara Arabs for slaves and cattle and were terribly harassed under the Dervish rule. Under the present regime, they are gradually settling down, though they raid one another, from time to time. They cultivate a great deal of land and have many cattle, sheep and goats.

The resources of Kordofan are considerable, but require time and population to develop them. All the main roads have now been cleared of bush, and a railroad is to be built from the Nile near Kosti to El Obeid, but at present all transport is by camels in the north and pack-bulls and donkeys in the south. The chief source of revenue is gum arabic, but, as yet, only a small part of the vast gum forests are being worked. The herds of camels and cattle are very important, but mineral resources are rather limited. Iron is plentiful and salt is found in considerable quantities. On the whole, Kordofan is fairly rich as countries go in Central Africa. The revenue is now about $300,000 and the expenditures $175,000, so that the province is paying its way and contributing its share to the central administration. It will be a generation or more before the enormous losses from battle and famine under the Mahdist despotism can be replaced, though there is now no tribe that cannot be described as fairly well off.

GEOGRAPHICAL RECORD NORTH AMERICA CALIFORNIA'S MINERAL OUTPUT IN I909. Lewis E. Aubury, State Minerologist of California, informs the Bulletin that, subject to trifling alterations, the statistical mineral returns for the State, in I909, exclusive of gold, silver and platinum, figures for which are being collected by the U. S. Census Bureau, will reach over $61,324,000. The precious metals will bring the aggregate up to $80,000,000 and probably more. The value of the total mineral production will exceed that of I908 by about $14,000,000. The value of the total output in 1907 was $55,697,949; I908, $66,363,198; I909, about $80,000,0000. A large part of the advance of I909 over 1908 was due to the increase in production and average price of petroleum. The output of petroleum in I909 was 58,191,723 barrels valued at $32,398,187. California, in 1908, led all the 524 524