ELEMENTS OF RACE 149 Ethiopia ; Mizraim to Musr, the native name of Cairo (see Gen. 1. 11, where the place of '* the mourning of the Egyptians " for Jacob is therefore called " Abel-Mizraim") ; Phut to Punt; and Canaan to the land of the same name. Various divergencies from this stock, of different degrees and rates of progress, may account for the types of humanity existing there to-day, apart from the Semitic element.

The main elements influencing the races as we now see them include the pigmy, the negro, the Arab, and the descendants of prehistoric aboriginals, represented by the opponents of the ancient Egyptians, such as the Nubas of Kordofan, the Barabras of the Dongola-Assuan tract, and probably others.

Both negro and Arab in the pure state are nonexistent, and both have become differently modified from the accepted standard type.

Of the origin and identity of the Nubas and kindred peoples little can actually be hazarded.

Generally admitted to be of Hamitic origin, they appear to have an original ancestry neither Arab nor negroid. It has been suggested, on account of certain characteristics of the old Himyaritic {himyar, dusky) language, and the customs and institutions of Yemen anterior to Islam, that this is of African affinity. The reputed settlement of a Himyaritic race south of Assuan and elsewhere might seem to support this, and Herodotus definitely refers to the co-operation of straight-