148 MAN IN THE SUDAN retreats. The negro now appears as an existing type, of more advanced physical features, but still low in the human scale, and approximating the ape in the comparative length of arms, early ossification of the cranial sutures, and the prognathic jaw.

There are evidences of mixed negro and pigmy blood in the Jur and Bongo tribes, the negro predominating ; and the pigmy is more evidenced in the Mombottu.

The influx of a light-coloured Caucasian race pushed the negro onward also ; but, being a stage or two higher than the pigmy, he was less inimical to the new-comers' influence, and in some cases allowed them to cause more or less modification on coming into contiguity, rather than undergo exile or extermination, the resultant representing the negroids.

Dr. Weule of Leipzig stoutly contests the theory that the negroes have joined in the accepted movement from Asia, preferring to think them indigenous to Africa. Some support may be lent this by the fact that the most characteristic negro types are found in regions remotest from Asia ; but to this argument may be opposed the obvious fact that, being farthest away, they have been less exposed to the effects of later ages of Asiatic influence.

It is interesting to note en -passant that a connection has been suggested between the names of the sons of Ham with various districts of these contiguous areas. Cush is assigned to Cush,