48 HISTORY (No. 06 lease of his stripof coast from the Umba River as far as Kipini to Sir William Mackinnon , a grant which led to the formation of the Imperial British East Africa Company (Charter, Sept. 3 , 1888) .

On April 28, 1888, Sultan Khalifa (who succeeded his brother Bargash on the latter's death on March 26) gave a fifty years' leaseof his strip of coast-line lying between the German sphere and the sea (i.e., all that was left of Zanzibar's coastal territory south of that granted to Sir W. Mackinnon ), together with Mafia Island , to the Imperial German East African Associa tion (Charter , March , 1887) . The Germans took over the administration on Aug. 16, hoisted their flag at the chief ports,and at once provoked a native and Arab rising , which was quelledonly in 1890 .

In 1889 the British East Africa Company trans ferred the Benadir portsto Italy , and Sultan Ali (who succeeded his brother Khalifa in February, 1890) agreed to lease them to Italy for fifty years in 1892. Italy bought these ports outright in January, 1905, for £ 144,000, and on Jan. 13 , 1905, granted Great Britain the right of pre-emption over them .

In 1890 Germany bought outright for four million marks (£ 200,000) the territory leased in 1888. Finally, to complete the history of Zanzibar's coastal posses sions , an agreement was concluded on Dec. 14, 1895, between Great Britain and Zanzibar, whereby the administration of the Sultan's possessionson the main land and adjacent islands, exclusive of Zanzibar and Pemba , was entrusted to officers appointed by the British Government in return for an annual payment of £ 11,000. Further, the sum of £200,000 recently paid the Sultan by Germany was lent to the British Govern ment to buy out the rights of the Imperial British East Africa Company, and British East Africa now came under direct administration by the Foreign Office. £6,000 interest on this loan is annually paid to the Sultan, who retains his sovereignty over these districts . This agreement was declared terminable at six months ' notice given to him by the British Government.