Sudan Ando-Esyptian] AGRICULTURE (TOBACCO, Etc.) 111 trade , small quantities of tobacco leaf were imported into Egypt from China and Havana. Since then a certain amount of inferior Indian tobacco has been imported for mixing.

Recently (1918) negotiations have been taken up between the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance with the object of selecting areas for experimentål tobacco cultivation, and it is antici pated that a revival of the industry will take place both in Egypt and the Sudan . The Upper Nile provinces, by reason of their fertility, climate, and the absence of frost — which is particularly injurious to the tobacco plant --should be specially suited for growing tobacco.

Practically all the negroid tribes raise their own tobacco,and the plant may be seen on the outskirts of every village.

By a decree of January 24 , 1914, import duties became leviable on tobacco, of whatever origin, brought into the Sudan .

The importance of the tobacco industry to Egypt, and its probable -value to the Sudan , if it were revived and encouraged, may be estimated from the figures showing the revenues derived by the Egyptian Govern ment from the import of tobacco leafand the export of cigarettes. In 1898 the tobacco revenues amounted to £E.1,081,000 . The export of cigarettes, chiefly to Germany, the best customer at that date, and to Great Britain, reached over £200,000,000 sterling in 1897, and in 1898 Cairo exporters alone attained the same figure.

Vegetable ivory is obtained from the kernel of the fruit of the doum or dum palm ( Hyphaene thebaica ). The nuts are collected in largequantities, and the ivory is used for the manufacture of cheap buttons and other small articles. There is much waste in the manufac turing process, and , to make the most of the possibilities offeredby thistrade, it will be necessary to import suit able machinery Live-stock and Animal Products. -A great part of the Sudan is a pastoral country, and the main occupa -