90 ( No. 98 ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ing and cattle-raising, or, as in Kordofan, to transport work .

The population composing the third class is mainly riverain , except in Darfur, from which , as it has only lately come under the Sudan administration, no accurate statistics are yet to be obtained ; in Kordofan , where, except in the south , there are no rivers; in Kassala , where the inhabitants live at a distance from perennial streams; and in the Red Sea province, com posed of hills and maritime plain . In all,36 per cent. , of the population of the Sudan belongs to the third class.

The average density of population in the Sudan is . 3 per square mile, but certain provinces are more closely populated than others. Halfa province is practically a desert , intersected by some 250 miles of the Nile , with a narrow fringe of cultivated and irrigated land along the banks of the river. The entire cultivated area is only 31 square miles , while the population, urbanand agricultural, is 90,000, or 2 per acre on the cultivated portions. The inhabitants of this province are Berberines. Many of them enter domestic service in Egypt rather than cultivate their lands or work at home . There is therefore a continual emigration, which militates against the increase of the population .

The Dongola province is also mainly desert , but has, like Halfa , about 250 miles of river running through it . Its climatic conditions are also similar . Its cultivated area is about 146 square miles (of which 75 per cent . is dependent on artificial irrigation , 1 per cent . on rainfall , and 24 per cent . on inundation, that is, basin irrigation ), while the agricultural population works out at 1:16 per acre . The people are industrious and seldom migrate .

In Berber province the climatic conditions are similar to those of Dongola ; it is watered by 200 miles of the Nile , and also by the Atbara . In the summer there are torrential rains, with water depressions in the desert east of the Nile , where from time immemorial