Anglo-Sudan 15 RACE -Egyptian] ever, is gradual. Negroes have descended the Nile valley and now form a large elementof the population north of the true black zone, whilst the so -called Arabs of Kordofan and Darfur exhibit many Nubian and negroid characters .

( 1) The Hamites or Bejas are a group of nomad tribes sometimes , but wrongly, included among the Arabs .

The principal Beja tribes in Sudan territory, where they mostly inhabit the Atbai desert and theKassala region , are now the Bisharin , Hadendoa, and Kawahla . The Bisharin , who range the Atbai desert , are divided into the Um Ali in the north and Um Naji in the south . They are a wild people, primitive and hostileto pro gress . The Hadendoa are a large tribe with many divisions, lying south of the Berber -Suakin road, between the Atbara and the sea , and the Kawahla of the Blue Nile are semi -nomadic .

(2) The A rabs are the latest comers amongthe great races of the Sudan, the northern half of which they now dominate. In the Sudan, however, the name “ Arab ” by no means indicates a tribe of pure or even preponderatingly Arabian blood, as the immigrants have everywhere absorbed and Arabicized, rather than exterminated, the original populations . The Arabs are found chiefly between the eleventh and fifteenth parallels, especially in the Kordofan plains, the Gezira , the White and Blue Nile provinces, the country between the Atbara and Blue Nile , and Darfur .

The principal tribes are the Kababish , a large mixed tribe, one of the richest in the Sudan , found north of El Obeid, with a branch in Dongolaprovince ; and the Hamar, between El Nahud and El Odaiya, a large tribe at least 60,000 strong, of Darfur origin , with three divisions, partly nomadic but now largely sedentary, although making excellent fighting men. The chief Baggara tribes are the Hawazma, between El Obeid and Kadugli ; theMesseria, east and south -east of El Odaiya ; and the Homr - originally part of the Messeria