THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR 394" SantiagodeCubahas made anheroic defence and the Americans have learned to admire the pluck ofthe Spaniards. On thefirstattack there were, including 1,000 men from the squadron, 3,500 men of all arms, with volunteers. Aldea had a column of 600 on the other side of the Bay, and there were about 200 more between Morro, etc., and Aguadores. From Manzanillo 3,500 menarrived after the attack andhelped to replacethekilled and wounded. At Caney there were 500 men. There are now here and along the railway, etc., 10,500 men, at Guantanamo 5,000, and Baracoa and others scattered 2,000, making a total of 17,500. Santiago had no defences, but they ran up some earthworks, mounted some good-for-nothing, old-fashioned guns, and made trenches after the fleet began to blockade and the United States army to besiege them. The Spanish soldiers are halfstarved,haveverylittle ammunition left, and are sick. Linares wouldhave surrendered the place a week ago had he been in command, but Toral has beendelaying,etc.,whileBlancoand Madrid wereagainst it."

of himself and his colleagues for the gallantry with which the city hadbeen defended.

Then came the second part of the surrender. A battalion of Spanish regulars advanced, with colours flying and its band playing. The men looked wornand haggard, but they steppedout smartly to the stirring march, shoulderingarms as they passed the generals, and receiving a salute from the American troops. They then passedthe spot wherethe staffs were haltedand piled arms, and countermarched, returning towards the city without their weapons. The arms of the other corps weretaken overlater in the day,withoutany formal ceremony.

The generals then marched into the city, Toral riding beside Shafter, conversing with him, and their staffs mingled together,looking morelike friends and comrades than victors and vanquished. " One might have thought it was the meeting of old friends," wrote a correspondent who was present. The American officers looked with keen curiosity at the defences they would have had to stormif the siege had been prolonged. To quote the same correspondent:" We had no advanced guard, though the way into the city was lined with Spanish soldiers still armed. But confidence wasplaced in them, and that confidence was not broken. Between the lines, and especially as we neared the city, the condition was terrible. All along the road were carcasses of horses, most of which still had the saddle,bridle, and, inmany cases, saddle-bags full of effects on the dead animals. This state of things showed the hasty retreat under a terrific fire the enemy experienced during the three days' battle. Shallow graves along the road had been scratched open by vultures,and the odour was horriblein the extreme. The first barricade we encountered was the cleverlyconceivedbarbedwire entanglement that did not close the road, but compelled anyone entering to zigzag back and forth, so that entrance under sire wouldbe next to impossible. Then came barricades of sand-filledbarrels covering trenches, side streets blocked with paving stones, leaving loopholes. The thick-walled houses were also loopholed, and would have made excellent fortifications. To have attempted to have taken the city by infantry assault would have meant the loss of thousands of our men."

On the Sunday the city was handed over to the victors. General Miles had re-embarked. He was on his way to Tampa to take command of an expedition -*to Puerto Rico. General Shafter was therefore the chief figure on the American side. He acted with chivalrous courtesy to General Toral and the Spanish officers, and the measures he took for securing orderin the city were most excellent.

Early in the day, escorted by two mounted companies of regular cavalry,andfollowedby the qth Infantry, who were to garrison the town, Shafter rode towardsSantiago, accompanied by his staff and the generals commandingbrigades and divisions. Outside the townhe was met by General Toral and the Spanish staff. As they approached, Shafter saluted, and riding up to Toral, told, him that before the surrender took place he wished to present him with the sword and spurs of his gallant comrade, GeneralVara deRey, whohad fallen so bravely in the heroic defence of El Caney. General Toral, evidently deeply moved, expressed his warm thanks for this act of courtesy. He then formally declared that he handed over Santiago, with the other towns and garrisons of the district, to General Shafter,andhe wasabout tounbuckle his swordbelt,when Shafter toldhimthat he mustkeephis sword. Neither he nor any ofhis officers would be asked to surrender their weapons. The American generalthen expressedtheadmiration As the cavalcade passed through the city to thePlaza, the streets werelined with thousands of Spanish soldiers, some standing in groups, others drawn up under arms. Many of the