And the ambitions of British policy 57 When Lord Salisbury was asked in their House of Commons on February 6, 1899, about the 1899 agreement, his answer was strange, saying, "It will take a long time before peace and quiet prevail in Sudan as they prevail in one of the streets of London. And I draw the questioner's attention to a man who became famous in the history of England, to the point that they nicknamed him 'William the Conqueror', that he did not conquer England and all of Gaul - until he said - we are taking hold of Sudan for two reasons: the first is that Sudan is among the possessions of Egypt, which we occupy, and the second is the right of conquest." But this statement is refuted by the book of Butros Pasha Ghali to Lord Cross in 1898 and the Khedivial order issued on January 15, 1884, placing Sudan under the Ministry of War. Sudan was never at any time "a kingdom without a master" so that the claim of the right of conquest would be valid. England itself protested this claim in 1898 when Marchand reached Fashoda, saying that Sudan's owner is the Khedive, so no country is allowed to occupy this property while its owner is present. As for the right of conquest, it is reserved for Egypt alone, because Muhammad Ali and Ismail were not England's representatives in the conquest of Sudan. And if England had helped the Khedive Tewfik Pasha to regain his possessions, or rather to pacify them and cut off the rebels, she was not invited to do so and did not stipulate any condition with the Khedive for an action she undertook and volunteered. Even if she had made conditions with him, those conditions would have been invalid because he did not have the right to contract for land that was under the sovereignty of the Sultan of Turkey. So, from Lord Salisbury's statement that day, it became the statement of Foreign Minister Roderick in the session of February 18, 1899, "We are not bound in the Sudan issue by any covenant, law, or system." However, the agreement of January 19, 1899, stated that the Egyptian flag alone would remain flying over the cities, meaning the city that remained Egyptian with the acknowledgment of the English, and the authority of the Mixed Courts was only abolished on July 20, 1899. So why did they keep the Egyptian flag alone raised over them? 8