Egyptian Sudan 30 January 1857, he organized the country, established postal services between Egypt and Sudan, reduced taxes, and forbade soldiers from collecting them. In Khartoum, he formed a consultative council of notables from the country, which would meet once a year to consider the country's affairs and reforms. He declared the abolition of slavery and commissioned the French engineer Mu'aghal to survey the railway line between Halfa and Khartoum. During his reign, King Tamr and his group returned from Abyssinia and requested safety. Said Pasha granted them safety and returned their properties to them. On January 17, 1863, Said Pasha died and was succeeded by Ismail Pasha, who paid great attention to Sudan. During his reign, great conquests were completed, and the influence of Egypt and its sovereignty extended beyond the equator. Zanzibar and Uganda came under Egypt's protection, and the railway began from Halfa and Suakin. He acquired the Red Sea coasts, discovered petroleum, lead, and iron mines, conquered Darfur, and set an example of comprehensive security and comfort for the lands of Sudan. Among the governors of Sudan remembered for good administration is Musa Pasha Hamdi. He arrived in the country during the reigns of Said Pasha and Ismail Pasha (1863-1865). Revolts occurred in Kordofan. He formed a council of notables and prominent figures, established a system for tax collection, setting it at three *alajim* per year, and appointed local officials and assistants, dressing them in Turkish attire. He expelled the Abyssinians from Qallabat. During his tenure, Samuel Baker and his wife arrived in Khartoum to discover the sources of the White Nile, as did Speke and Grant, who had been sent by the Royal Geographical Society for the same purpose in 1858 via Zanzibar. This was one of the scientific expeditions sent by Muhammad Ali in 1841, which reached Gandokru. When Ismail Pasha took over on January 18, 1863, Musa Pasha came to Egypt and informed Ismail Pasha of the country's situation. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General and kept in his post until his death there on March 6, 1865. He was succeeded by Ja'far Pasha Sadiq. During his governorship, the military campaigns in Kordofan numbered four.