and the ambitions of British policy.

The Khedive agreed that the work of his grandfather Muhammad Ali and his father Ibrahim should be carried out not by force of arms - and the force of arms was agreed upon at the London Conference (1841) - but by force of money. He obtained seven firmans from Turkey expanding his authority to the point of independence. He conquered in Sudan down to the second degree south of the equator and brought Uganda under Egyptian protection by a treaty with its king, who was enlightened (1) (1874). He appointed Llewellyn de Vere as High Commissioner there. Thus, the lakes and all the sources of the Nile became Egyptian. The Sultan appointed him governor of the Suakin region in 1865, and that region then became part of Egyptian territory by a firman on May 17, 1866. From July 1, 1875, another firman granted him the region of Zeila. Ismail then sent an Egyptian expedition that captured the Red Sea coasts from Berbera to the Indian Ocean. However, the English eyes were watchful and vigilant, paving the way for the realization of their ambitions. They dismissed Ismail after they had bought his shares in the Canal, the Egyptian communication route, and they hinted to those men of their intentions, so that when the financial crisis occurred, their representative on the International Committee, Sir Rivers Wilson, wrote that only the English could save Egypt and rule it. Colonel Stewart wrote about Sudan, "How can Egyptians, who are unfit to rule the Delta, be fit to rule Sudan?" This statement was made by Colonel Stewart after Sir Samuel Baker had published a report in 1861 about Sudan in which he said, "The European traveler can wander alone throughout Sudan as an Englishman wanders in Hyde Park at sunset. The people are gentle and easy to govern; there is no easier rule than theirs." With Ismail's downfall, the great revolution and the Mahdist call arose simultaneously, fueled by politics through all means and methods. (1) This treaty was handed over to an English officer in the service of Egypt, who lost it and claimed it was a translation. However, Sharif Pasha, the head of the Egyptian government, retained its contracts and proved its texts and conditions.