In all cases where the publication of pleadings might endanger public order due to the nature of the crime, the publication of all or part of those pleadings may be prohibited, and any violation shall be punishable by imprisonment for a period not exceeding six months or a fine not exceeding one hundred Egyptian pounds. For if freedom of speech must be granted for defense during trial, it must not be allowed that this freedom be used as a source of danger to public security. And if it is sometimes allowed to express revolutionary theories in pleadings or witness testimonies during trial, based on their relation to the defense of the accused, these pleadings or testimonies must not be transformed into a means of spreading revolutionary principles and ideas. Similar provisions exist in some European laws, particularly in France and Portugal.

(T) Crimes committed through newspapers - Law No. 28 of 1910 also introduced new provisions concerning the extent of responsibility in crimes committed through newspapers. The provisions of the new law can be summarized as follows: (1) The editor of a newspaper or periodical, or the publisher of a book, pamphlet, or non-periodical publication, is responsible as a principal offender.

(2) The author is not responsible as a principal offender unless legal action can be brought against him or the publisher.

(3) The owner of the printing press is not responsible as a principal offender unless legal action can be brought against the editor, publisher, or author.

(4) The seller, distributor, and poster are not responsible as principal offenders unless legal action can be brought against the editor, publisher, author, or owner of the printing press.

(5) Legal action may be brought against the author, owner of the printing press, seller, and poster as accomplices if they are not considered principal offenders, provided that the conditions for complicity stipulated in Articles 40 et seq. of the Penal Code are met.

(6) The law presumes criminal intent to be attached to the principal offenders, contrary to general legal rules.

These provisions will greatly facilitate the filing of press lawsuits by establishing a presumption of responsibility attached to the principal offenders. Furthermore, the law cannot prevent the use of fictitious paid individuals to bear responsibility that should fall on others, but it is hoped that...