South. For the water to flow, it must be in high places and then pass through the basins that irrigate them. Then it appeared that extending the canals alone was not enough to prevent the East. If the flood was imminent, therefore, barrages were built in different places to distinguish the floodwaters and raise their level above the barrages, from which side canals were taken on both banks at a sufficient level. These barrages, whose interruption extended to almost all emergencies, but the northern part of Qena Governorate and the entire Jirja Governorate, and the area of all this is 60,000, and some small basins in Aswan Governorate and the small islands in the course of the Nile, all of these may still depend on the height of the flood. Therefore, they are prevented from the low flood of the past, an unusual disappearance, that the water did not rise sufficiently to flow into the canals that irrigate the mentioned places, so about 40,000 were left without irrigation, and this cannot be prevented from happening again except at great expense, and it is very rare to occur. It happens after long periods. And the construction of barrages to raise the waters of the Nile so that they flow into the Sohag canal, which irrigates most of the Jirja Governorate, costs at least one million pounds, and these barrages can be built after the completion of works that are more important than them. The land that remained to the east of what was previously mentioned was not cultivated as it was usually cultivated, but a large part of it was cultivated with wells and lifting machines, so many people worked on it, and without that, they would have drowned without work. The low flood was followed by another that caused fear, as indicated by a decrease in water levels more than usual in the spring. This implies that the summer water will be much less than usual. I mentioned in my previous report that it is possible that the situation will call for something to compensate the country for this danger, and I pointed to the construction of a dam in the Mediterranean Sea near Jabal Uli, and that the need may call for it. This dam alone is not enough for all the needs of the Egyptian country if all arable lands in the Lower Egypt are not attached to it. If the irrigation of basins is converted to summer irrigation, all the Lower Egypt will decrease, but it will need many years from now, and it may not be wise to build this dam if the intention is merely to increase the summer water in the Egyptian country, because the real place for this issue, it appears, is at the mouth of the Nile where it emerges from the great cataracts, so that a sufficient amount of water always flows into it. However, the place chosen for the construction of the dam is suitable for controlling the Nile to some extent to prevent the very heavy flood waves from descending into the Nile. Therefore, wisdom dictates the construction of this dam for two purposes: the first, which is the intended purpose, is to prevent the harm of excessive flood, and the second