The extremists, fearing the dire consequences, fell into the opposite reaction. This was followed by the final stage, the stage of beneficial actions, the news of which is recalled with satisfaction and joy. From the foregoing, it is clear that this council, which was the most important of the country's representative councils, has gone through stages of ascent and descent, periods of beneficial actions, and periods of separation and distancing. If left without supervision, it would have brought great evil upon the country. I believe that past experience has shown Egypt that no good can be expected from rushing progress through deliberation and opposition, and that this only delays all progress in the country and wastes precious time. I hope they have learned from past lessons the necessity of removing disruptive extremists, as well as foreign political influences, if they want the assembly to truly represent the silent majority of the nation who toil and strive without their voices being heard. They seek reform and improvement in living conditions and await its realization through the deputies they have elected to assist the government for their own good. The thirty years are but a blink of an eye in the life of a nation. Our country has taken about a thousand years to reach its current state of representative councils. If the Egyptian nation has obtained the benefits of representative councils through boundless patience and continuous, persistent effort, then that patience and effort will not be in vain, but will be greatly rewarded. However, experience has revealed some fundamental flaws and shortcomings that hinder success in the experiment that has been ongoing for thirty years. Therefore, instead of continuing on the old path that does not lead to results that strengthen resolve, it has been decided to remove these flaws and shortcomings and to give Egyptians a new opportunity to try the matter of their representative councils in the future by proving themselves worthy of the trust placed in them. We now return to another branch of the representative councils in this country, which is the provincial councils, which have yielded results far beyond expectations. I say that five agricultural councils were established in 1871. The government appointed the head of each and an engineer as a supervisor, and each district in the province appointed a member chosen from the notables of the country to the district councils. The functions of these councils were (1) to consider the necessity of necessary repairs to existing public utilities and to undertake new works, and (2) to determine the expenses and allocations necessary for the various districts and to pay attention to any project aimed at improving agriculture. The Organic Law issued in 1883 abolished these councils and established the provincial councils in their place, making the provincial director the head of the council and the chief engineer of the province a member by virtue of his position, while the rest of the members...