The establishment of the Mamluk state in Egypt heralded a change from the old, passive policy towards Nubia and the beginning of a new era of positive attention. The Mamluks in Egypt realized the latent Crusader danger in the south, in Nubia. They understood the possibility of the Nubians stabbing Egypt in the back while Egypt was preoccupied with the remaining Crusader strongholds in the Levant. Thus, we find the Mamluk Egyptian campaigns escalating violently into Nubia.

We find Sultan Al-Zahir Baybars seizing the opportunity of the struggle for the throne of Nubia to send his previously mentioned campaign to claim protection from the Mamluk state. The beginning of Mamluk Egyptian protection over a single kingdom was that the one on the throne would be of their choosing and bound by an oath of obedience and loyalty to the Mamluk Sultan and as his deputy.

For historical accuracy, the Mamluk Egyptian campaign that accompanied Prince Shakmuda achieved the conquest of the land of Nubia. When they realized that the land of Nubia was no longer independent after this campaign, the Egyptian policy succeeded in making the land of Nubia subject to Egyptian rule. This policy helped in the widespread spread of Islam, and even the Arabization movement appeared throughout the country in a clear and established manner.

In the era of Sultan Qalawun, King "Adur," king of the Abwab, which is the northern part of Alwa, sent his ambassadors to Egypt carrying a complaint to Sultan Qalawun about the mistreatment by "Samson," king of Dongola, and his rule in the dispute. Samson then sent an embassy and gifts to Cairo. Sultan Qalawun then set about investigating the reasons for the complaint. It was Sultan "Khalil ibn Qalawun" who ascended the throne of the Sultanate in Egypt, and he sent a campaign whose march penetrated thirty-three days south of Dongola. These repeated Mamluk campaigns caused the Nubians to submit to Egyptian sovereignty and to the subjugation of the Nubian kings and their recognition of Egyptian sovereignty in that era. 317