The natural conditions imposed by the circumstances of some Arab tribes, such as the Baggara, who are closely connected to the Nilotic tribes, had an impact on establishing some Arab influences within the forest environment. An example of this is the connection of the Bani Sulaim tribe with Anshak, especially near the city of Kaka, as it led to the spread of Arab Islamic culture west of the White Nile further than it reached east of that river. Similarly, the connection of the Zangiat Arabs with the Dinka tribes near Bahr al-Arab, especially during the dry season. In addition to all these roles, we find the cultural and Islamic influences left by Arab traders in Southern Sudan, which allowed these Arab traders and the people of Northern Sudan to have direct interaction with these Negro elements, and even to settle and intermarry with Negro women. An example of this is what happened with the assimilation of some Arab commercial and immigrant elements in the western Bahr al-Ghazal region, as they succeeded, through direct interaction with the Negroes, in coloring large tribal groups with an Arab character, especially those groups known as the Fertit in western Bahr al-Ghazal. Some groups, such as Krush, Furugi, and Banda, who live in the highlands south of Darfur, have embraced Islam, and their leaders still adhere to this tolerant religion and speak a dialect close to the colloquial Arabic dialect. Perhaps the best example of the efforts of those traders in spreading Arab cultural influences is the effort made by Al-Zubair Pasha, who was able to establish an Arab kingdom in the land of Goul, and took his capital in "Deim Al-Zubair," which was named after him. Al-Zubair Pasha said, "People flocked from all directions to serve me, and I ruled the country by the Book and the Sunnah and began to civilize and build it." Besides this, the traders who entered Southern Sudan to trade in the products of those regions had a significant impact in spreading Arab cultural influences among 398