The battle of Hami took place with great loss on both sides, and then the Arab Arkiyyun were expelled to the land of Sudan, and not a single Bedouin remained in Upper Egypt. Ibn Ayya says that the Mamluk princes pursued the Arabs who fled for a distance of seven days until they entered the outskirts of the land of the Zanj, and that Gibina, during the period (698-754 AH), had a share in the resistance, which ultimately led to their mass migration to the land of Sudan. These Arkiyyun played a significant role in spreading Arab-Islamic culture in Sudan, especially in the Gezira region in particular, after many of their sons traveled from their dwelling area around the White Nile to Egypt, where they received knowledge at Al-Azhar Al-Sharif and resided in Egypt for a long period. The Funj sultans had sent many of the Arkiyyun's sons due to their intelligence, and then they were sent for to contribute to the Islamic scientific movement in Sudan. These individuals were able to spread Islamic sciences and teach people matters of jurisprudence according to the Maliki school of thought. Some of the Arkiyyun's sons founded the town of Al-Faw in the Gezira region of Sudan, where their descendants continued to teach religious Islamic sciences in this town until those days.

The Hilaliyyun: The Hilaliyyun and their allies resided in Upper Egypt since the Fatimid era. The proximity of this region to the land of Sudan strengthens the possibility that many groups of Banu Hilal migrated to Sudan at different times. However, it appears that these groups were small in number at first, especially those groups that settled in eastern Sudan, to the extent that they could not maintain their tribal and customary identity for a long period of time, which led to their assimilation, or at least the assimilation of most of these migrating tribes into other migrating Arab groups, if some assimilation with the local population had not already occurred.