and that Abd Allah ibn Marwan had reached the Hijaz with most of the forces. From here, the Funj, the rulers of Sennar themselves, continued to reassure themselves of their Umayyad Arab origin, while acknowledging the intermingling of their ancestors over the centuries with Africans, which is confirmed by their complexions and their adaptation to the environment. This applies to other Arab tribes in Sudan. Their lineage to the Umayyads is a correct connection, especially since many African tribes that claimed Arab lineage were always trying to claim their lineage to the House, whether the Abbasids, the Hashimites, the Alawites, or other Banu Hashim.

The role of the Adalabs in the rule of the Funj: The demise of the Christian kingdom of Alwa had an impact on the expansion of the field for Arab tribes to spread south into many parts of Sudan, because just as the Lower Nubia was opened by the hands of Muslim Arabs, the number of immigrants increased, including Arabs, to Upper Nubia until they filled it. Most of them were from Juhaynah and Banu al-Abbas, and from then on, they established Arab governments on the Nile. This confirms that the Arabs and their continuation in the kingdom of Alwa was long before the arrival of the Funj, due to their establishment of a commercial city, the city of "Arbaji" in 1474/80 AD on the west bank of the Blue Nile near the southern borders of the kingdom of Alwa. There is no doubt that the Arabs were the ones who established this city. From this, the linguistic indication that makes up the name "Arbaji" means in the Nubian language "land of the Arabs." The establishment of this city was of special importance, as its location near the southern borders of the kingdom of Alwa indicates that the Arabs knew most of the lands of the kingdom of Alwa and that they stayed for a period in the land of Nuba and the land of Alaqi, then left them for the land of Alwa. There were a group of factors that helped most of them migrate into Sudan until they reached the land of Al-Butana and then Al-Jazirah. From here, historical evidence indicates 152