And their clans and their small tribes. He also spoke of the Ashraf Al-Talibeen, Al-Husayniyyin, Al-Sa'afirah, Al-Bakriyyin, and Al-Amriyyin. He also spoke of the Juhaynah tribes and their branches, Al-Hawarah and their branches, and Rabi'ah and its branches. Then he spoke of the modern migrations in the nineteenth century, such as the Al-Rashidiyyah tribes, and about some other Arab migrations. In the seventh chapter, I dealt with the achievements of Arab Islamic culture. In that chapter, I spoke about Arab migrations and their role in the Arab Islamic character, and about the Egyptian Islamic role, and the role of Al-Hijaz in enriching the Arab Islamic cultural movement, and the role of the Maghreb and the countries of West Africa in enriching the cultural movement, and the role of the southern Arabian Peninsula, and the role of the scholars of the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad, as well as the role of Sudanese Islamic centers such as Sirtar, Al-Fashir, and Al-Damer, and the role of the Shafi'i lands and Al-Jusmayn, and the role of Islamic institutions such as mosques, kuttabs, and khalawis, and schools, and the role of judges and religious men and Sufi orders and their spread in Sudan, as well as talking about Arab Islamic culture and its spread in South Sudan and throughout the country, and about Sufi orders and the scarcity of Islamic scientific production. Finally, the conclusion of that research and the list of sources and references came. I hope from God Almighty that I have made some correct points in dealing with this subject, which I admit is not without its slips and shortcomings, because perfection belongs to God alone, Glorified and Exalted is He, and because above every knowledgeable person is a more knowledgeable one. And God is the giver of success.

King Faisal - Al-Haram 1405 AH, April 11, 1985 AD Doctor Abd al-Fattah Muqallad Al-Ghunaymi 13