In the third chapter, I discussed the Islamic conquest of Egypt and the Egyptian-Sudanese relations, and how this contributed to the spread of Islam and the intensity of Arab migration, the Tulunid state and its relationship with Sudan, as well as the Ikhshidid state and its impact on Nubia and increased connection. Then the Fatimid Caliphate and its stance on relations with the people of Nubia, followed by the role of the Ayyubids in Nubia. The last chapter was about the Mamluk era and Islamic Nubia.

In the fourth chapter, I discussed the Christian kingdoms and the spread of Christianity. I spoke about the Kingdom of Makuria in the Christian era and how Christianity spread there and Egypt's role in this, as well as its fall under Islamic rule. I also spoke about the Kingdom of Alwa and the spread of Christianity there, the prevailing Christian denomination, and how Alwa fell and Islam spread there.

In the fifth chapter, I discussed the Islamic sultanates and emirates that were established in Sudan and how the Umayyad Emirate (led by Shatekir) was the beginning of the establishment of the first Arab emirate in northern Sudan. I also spoke about the Banu Kanz Arab Emirate and the role of the Kanz throughout Sudan's history and how they took over Islamic rule in Dongola during the Mamluk era.

I also spoke about the Funj Sultanate and its role in coloring Islamic life in that part of Sudan. I also spoke about the Abdallab Sheikhdom and its role in supporting the Funj and strengthening their influence, and how these Arab sheikhdoms emerged and were able to undermine the political structure of the Kingdom of Alwa. I also spoke about the Islamic Sultanate of Darfur and how it played an important role in the Arabization of Sudan, especially in those western regions (Darfur and Kordofan). I also spoke about the Emirate of Taqali and its impact on the Nuba Mountains region and Kordofan in enriching the Islamic movement.

The sixth chapter discussed the Arab tribes in Sudan and focused on addressing the most important Arab tribes that migrated to those lands and the roles they played. I spoke about the Ja'alin, their branches, and their clans.