Egyptian Sudan 58 This secret was revealed by an English official to a correspondent of the French newspaper "L'Écho" saying, "The (rebellious) English are comfortable with the agreement of January 19th. We remain, whether under the Egyptian flag as they used to do by placing the wounded in the breach of the wall before the siege, or as they do today by setting up Red Cross hospitals instead of fortified towers. We remain, whether half-independent on the road to Sudan for this purpose. And what does it matter to us afterwards, as long as we are fully in charge?"

And if England stipulated in the agreement the abolition of the Khedive's authority, it is because his establishment in 1876 was against her will, after she had agreed in 1870 with Germany to have a free hand in Egypt and not to touch that ruler's authority. In 1896, she relied on the return of funds to the Debt Fund and depended on 62 million piasters available in that fund to spend on the Sudan campaign. What most clearly indicates the effect of politics on souls and opinions is that the *Sûreté Générale* - which the Khedive had opened in an English establishment, extending its favor over all judicial systems - launched a fierce attack against it in 1898, demanding its abolition. Butrus Pasha Ghali, at the suggestion of Lord Cromer, sounded out the powers on this matter. Germany was the most resistant, so the English postponed the project until a suitable time, and that time was the war. We saw them postpone this ruler's authority year after year until they abolished it or made it palatable to them - i.e., an English ruler - were it not for Egypt's gift of independence and the prevention of the English project.

*** The agreement of January 19, 1899, which gave England control of Sudan, but the Sirdar Kitchener wanted to pursue Abdullah al-Ta'aishi to eliminate him. His brother went with a force numbering 6,000 fighters, but many of them succumbed to illness and fatigue. So he dismissed him and took command of the force himself, which surprised Muhammad Sharif and two of the Mahdi's sons in