And the ambitions of British policy.

In 1813, a delegation went to the King of Sennar to appease him and ask him to expel the Mamluks who had fled to his country. That delegation was supplied with precious gifts and artifacts, and men of war and knowledge were sent with the delegation. They wrote him comprehensive reports and drew up plans for the conquest of Sudan. In 1816, another delegation was sent, headed by the Frenchman Cailliaud, to survey the gold mines in Jabal Zabara, accompanied by technicians to map the country. After all this was completed, he sent his son, Prince Ismail, at the head of a large army to conquer Sennar, supplying him with gifts and instructing him to bring the country under his obedience without war. He also sent a delegation of scholars with him to guide the people and make them love this obedience. He succeeded greatly, as the land of Nubia submitted without a fight. From 1820 to 1885, nothing worthy of mention occurred except for the rebellion of Hassan Wardi al-Kashif, who did not submit to the prince who appointed him over the land of Sukkot between Halfa and Degla. He killed some of the Egyptian garrison and fortified a castle there with his slaves. Muhammad Ali sent a force from Egypt that besieged him in the castle and bombarded it with gunpowder.

The kings of that country, despite their pride, presented themselves to the prince, who appointed governors over them until he reached Kordofan. There, he found three kings of the Shayqiyya who wanted to fight him. He pacified them and continued his march, accepting the obedience of the kings, confirming them in their lands, and incorporating some of their men into his army. That Sudanese force was the nucleus of the Sudanese army that has remained part of the Egyptian army to this day. On May 28, 1821, Prince Ismail entered Tartar. He had previously sent a message to the King of Sennar inviting him to submit. He replied curtly because the Mamluks had fled from Egypt. He handed over the army of that king, taking six cannons with them. Prince Ismail marched towards Sennar, and before he arrived, its king submitted to him. He entered the capital on October 12, 1821, and declared a general amnesty. Thus, the country was conquered, and the number of inhabitants, livestock, and cattle was counted to ascertain the resources of Sudan from all aspects. When the news reached Muhammad Ali, he sent his son.