Sudan Archive

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The text mentions "Dhu Sum" and refers to "Kuwakh" (huts) made of wood and "Maladanshibh" (likely a type of reed or plant). It describes an order to remove seats, and people sitting on "Al-Arat" (mats) made of Sudanese straw called "Rush". It also talks about "Al-Zar," a practice where people would gather and discuss what "Al-Zar" had done, to which they would reply. The text then discusses the Khalifa Abdullahi, who was inclined to enact a law prohibiting "Al-Qarwa" (a drink, likely coffee or tea), considering it a sin. It notes that the Arabs of Western Sudan, including the Khalifa, did not know of such drinks. Upon arriving in Khartoum and seeing many people drinking it, they openly denied it, considering it a sign of weak intellect. They questioned the benefit of drinking something black and bitter, which they called "Qatran" (tar). The text also mentions a story about a Bedouin who was offered a cup of "Qahwa" (coffee) and refused it, stating that he would only offer food like bread, meat, milk, and honey, and that the black, bitter drink indicated laziness. The people laughed and told him they would make it themselves.

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