The Sufyani: Scholars differ on whether the Sufyani is a real person. This is because the authentic texts do not explicitly mention him by name. However, the name is not important as long as the collective evidence points to the existence of a leadership hostile to the Household of the Prophet in general, and to the Mahdi in particular. This leadership is described as being vigilant, using every hypocrite, and claiming to thwart his righteous and blessed revolution with premeditation and persistence. Muhammad Zuhair said in "Irshad al-Hayran": "And some scholars consider his texts - although numerous - as evidence: Nu'aym ibn Hammad, Al-Hakim, Al-Dhahabi, Al-Qurtubi, Abu Amr Al-Dani, Al-Barzanji, the scholar Al-Saffarini Al-Hanbali, and the author of 'Uqad al-Durar, Al-Sulami Al-Shafi'i, Al-Maqdisi. Sheikh Ahmad Qasim Aqalaf has commendably and diligently researched the issue of the Sufyani, and he promised in articles in the Yemeni "Al-Muntada" magazine to provide a definitive answer, and he fulfilled his promise. He concluded that his collective evidence reaches the level of "Hasan" (good) and its attribution to divine revelation is permissible. And with Hussein Al-Sheikh Aqalaf, their collective evidence becomes acceptable. And God knows best. And whoever observes the texts of the Sufyanis collectively and their descriptions will notice similarities in the personalities, especially when applied to reality. And God knows best. Firstly, we must know that the narrations about the Sufyani collectively refer to several individuals at the same time: 1. The Sufyani of Sham. 2. The Sufyani of Iraq. 3. The Sufyani of Egypt. 4. The Sufyani of the Island. And we must understand the meaning of the word "Sufyani" before proceeding with the topic. The word "Sufyani" indicates three meanings that may converge in one person or be separate. The first meaning: that he is from the offspring of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb.