In the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Introduction

The idea of the Mahdi and Mahdism has played a significant role in Islam from the first century to the present day. Its success is due to two things: Firstly, people's psychology detests injustice and loves justice, a trait they possess at all times and in all places. If justice is not achieved in their time for any reason, their souls yearn for a just ruler in whom all forms of justice are realized. Some people resort to imagination, living in it, and creating utopias or "virtuous cities" as Al-Farabi put it. They create from their imagination a world and a just system in its entirety. They live in their imagination, enjoying justice, completely free from oppression. They live in their imagination, enjoying justice, in a state of decline. Many utopias have been narrated to us in the East and West, in the style of Plato's Republic. Others have resorted to revolution, seeking to remove these injustices and achieve social justice in the real world. When