Justice would prevail, their oppression would end, and the call for renewal and reconstruction would spread like wildfire through the desert. The description of the dire situation and the aspiration for something better were the most important factors that led to the mobilization of the people for the Mahdist call. People differed in their acceptance of the call for renewal. There were groups that strongly resisted renewal and groups that strongly embraced it. This is because newly formed groups, not burdened by heavy traditional constraints, like those in America, were more receptive to renewal. Those whose situations were more established and older were slower to accept the idea of renewal. The manifestations of anxiety and unrest in the nation are merely signs of a war between the old and the new, or in other words, between an old order whose corruption has become evident and a new order that has not yet taken root. Among the environmental manifestations, the facilities of life, both new and old, in every society interact like chemical substances until harmony is achieved between them. If renewal enters one facility, other facilities quickly react to it, like a water basin into which cold and hot water are poured. The cold water quickly gains heat, and the hot water gains coolness until a single temperature is formed. The difference between the call for renewal and the call for the Mahdi is that the former is based on reason, life experiences, and reality, while the call