i6 THE NUBIANS, THE NUBA i. 2. viii.

of the Bahr el Ghazal province, and entirely distinct from the in-

vaders of the Empire period.

(b) The Nilotic Type The tall Nilotes, Shilluk, Dinka and Nuer of the White Nile

valley, who now intervene between the Bahr el Ghazal and Nubia, and are dissimilar to either group and display certain Bantu affinities,

could not at the time of the earlier (Bahr el Ghazal) invasion have

yet occupied their present position 1. It is likely that they arrived

there during the second millennium B.C., or later.

The "C Group" in Lower Nubia

IX By the time of the twelfth dynasty the fusion of races in Lower Nubia had resulted in the production of the singularly homogeneous blend of traits which distinguish the people of the Middle Empire,

that is, dynasties twelve to seventeen, or " C Group"; the very type which in a modified form is represented in the same locality by the Barabra of the present day.

By the same date the population further south must have become almost exclusively negro {nehes).

Early Libyan Influences in Nubia X Concurrently with the early negro infusion into Nubia further

racial modification was probably being caused by the settlement on

the Nile of Libyans {Temehu) from the western oases and the steppes

of northern Kordofan.

In the time of the sixth dynasty, about 2750 B.C., Harkhuf, the Governor of the district round Aswan, went to Yam, i.e. Lower Nubia on the west side^, and, he says, "I found the chief of Yam

going to the land of Temeh to smite Temeh as far as the western

corner of heaven. I went forth after him to the land of Temeh and

I pacified him...^." Harkhuf then went southwards through Upper

Nubia, crossed over to the east bank, and returned downstream to Egypt bringing with him incense, ebony, oil, grain, panther-skins,

ivory and throwing-sticks^. The advocates of the Libyan theory find

here evidence that the Libyans {Temehu) lived between the first and

second cataracts, but as Giuffrida-Ruggeri remarks^, "there is still

the possibility suggested by Hrdlicka^ that these Temehu lived... on

the oases of Kharga and Dakhla, which are in the Libyan desert...."

^ Seligman, loc. cit. p. 624. ' Seligman, loc. cit. p. 613 note.

* Breasted, A. R. \, 335. * Ibid. p. 336, and Seligman, loc. cit.

* Loc. cit. p. 54.

* The Natives of Kharga Oasis, Egypt, Smithsonian Misc. Collections, Lix, No. I, p. 5, Washington, 1912.