346 RASHAfDA, ZEBAYDfA, HADAREB AND HUDUR iili3.ii.
name from the Gebadei, who are mentioned by Pliny as a tribe living on the west shore of the Red Sea in the first centur}^ a.d.^
III The brand of the Zebaydia camels is a curious one, namely
\1J placed upon the quarter. It is known both in the east and the
west of the Sudan, and it is identical, but for the dot, with the brand
still used by certain of the Beni Sakhr of Arabia^.
The camels of the Zebaydia are also of a very distinctive type,
easily recognizable. They are a small, thick-set, dark brown, tun-
bellied, short-legged, hardy type and considerably valued for trans-
port work.
(b) THE HADAREB AND HUDOR
IV HadAreb. The name of these people is variously spelt Hadareb, HadAREA, HadARMA, or with a d in place of the p, and the nisbas
unite in saying they came from the Hadramaut in the early days of Islam and settled among and coalesced with the Bega tribes on the Red Sea coast in the vicinity of Suakin^, Further particulars are
scarce, and the above merely sums up what is known of their origin. The following is Burckhardt's account of them^
:
The inhabitants of Souakin, like those of all the harbours in the Red
Sea, are a motley race; one principal class, however, is conspicuous; the
forefathers of the chief families of the Arabs of Souakin were natives of Hadramout, and principally of the town of Shahher, the harbour of that country in the Indian ocean. They came hither according to some, about
a century ago; others state that they arrived soon after the promulgation of Islam ; it is from them that the collective population of the town has obtained the name of Hadherebe with foreigners; but the inhabitants themselves draw a strict line of distinction between the true Hadherebe, or descendants of the natives of Hadramout, and the other settlers, whom they term Souakiny.
In a note Burckhardt adds
:
The people of Hadramout are famous for emigrating; large colonies of them are found in all the towns of the Yemen and Hedjaz. The greater
part of the people of Djidda, and the lower class of the inhabitants of Mekka, are from the same country.
The government of Suakin, when Burckhardt visited it, was in
the hands of the "Emir of the Hadherebe," who was chosen from among the five patrician ("Artayga") famihes of the tribe. He was nominally dependent on the Pasha of Jedda and had little or nothing
to do with the affairs of the tribe, being chiefly concerned with col-
^ Pliny, Bk. vi, para. 33. Cp. Crowfoot, Sof7ie Lacunae..., p. 3. The root of the word is the same as that of zibda, the Arabic for butter.
- See Burckhardt, Notes... i, 199 and Zwemer, p. 279.
* See in particular A 2, xxxvni and D 6, li. * Nubia, pp. 433-5 and 449.