III. 4. XV. THE GUHAYNA GROUP 317 as less applicable to them than to the generality of the nomad tribes of the northern Sudan.

During the Turkish period a steady stream of these Mogharba was poured into the Sudan and nearly all of these remained there as irregular cavalry and police, being employed in slave-hunting forays, tax-collecting, etc. A certain number also settled in the towns and villages as traders or cultivators.

XIV At the same time it is clear that even more Mogharba were, previous to the Turkish conquest, already established on the Blue Nile and elsewhere, and these may, to some small extent, have acted as the decoy which led a few of the later arrivals to take up their abode in the same district.

Cailliaud, who accompanied Isma'i'l Pasha's expedition, found these Sudanese Mogharba established at Soba, Wad el Shaib, el Kamli'n and Abu 'Ushera, all of which are within a hundred miles of Khartoum-; and there is still a large nomadic camel-owning tribe of Mogharba between Soba Abu Delayk and the Butana which has been established there for many generations. This tribe bears no resemblance in features or mode of life to the colonies formed of descendants of Moghrabin or Mogharba who entered the Sudan in the nineteenth century and subsequently. The latter are recognizable by their sallow-pinkish complexions and general resemblance to the Moorish tribesmen of the North African littoral as they are to be seen in the coast towns at present, whereas the nomad Mogharba of the Sudan are hardly to be distinguished from the average nomads and are, if anything, rather darker in complexion than they.

XV These Mogharba claim descent from, that is to say may have some vague connection with, a certain Ahmad Zarruk, a Sherifi of the Shadhali sect in Tunis, and the nisba-writers bear out their contention. The only detailed genealogical tree I have seen, that of See Pallme, pp. 207-212, and Weme, pp. 138-139, where good descriptions of them are given.

He calls them (11, 207-211) "Arabes Maq'arbehs," and it is significant that it apparently did not occur to him that the name was identical with that of the "Mohgrebins" whom he describes elsewhere as accompanying the army as irregulars. The c (gh) and the 3 ('> or q) are so often confused together in the Sudan as to be almost interchangeable in proper names, but the same is not the case in Egypt. Hence the correct preservation of the ft in "Mohgrebins" and its alteration to a 3 i" the case of the "Maq'arbehs" who had been some time in the Sudan.

A few of them are also settled in the Gezira near Manakil and elsewhere.

* At el Fasher in particular there is a large and recent mercantile community of Moghrabin commonly called " Fezzan."

See, e.g., D i clxxiv, clxxv.