III. 3. XXII. THE GUHAYNA GROUP 297
each is subdivided into very numerous subsections, which again
contain many alien elements, such as Fellata and Bulala^.
Beni RAshid and ZlUD. The Beni Rashid and Ziud are very
closely connected and the latter should really be reckoned a branch
of the former^. In practically every Bakkara "nisba" the ancestor
of the ZitJD appears as a descendant of Rashid.
At the present day the two tribes live together in Bornu and Wadai^, A few are camel-owning nomads in the north: these (ZiCd) were referred to by Nachtigal as " de race arabe legerement melee de
sang noir*." But the great majority are Bakkara. Now one of the three main divisions of the Beni Rashid in Wadai
is the Zebada, a term used to include within its scope the ZiUD^, and
el Tunisi, who met these Zebada in western Wadai at the beginning
of the nineteenth century, was assured by their "'akid^'' that they were of Yemenite origin and "derived their name from Zebid, a town of el Yemen, and that they were descended from the Him-
j^arites'."
This and the closeness of the bond existing between the Ziud and the Beni Rashid (or Rowashda, as they are often called) at once
connect the whole group with the Zebaydia-Rashaida community of
the eastern Sudan^. The word " Rashaida " is simply a variant plural
of Rashid and, like "Rowashda," is the exact equivalent of "Beni
Rashid^." But whereas the Beni Rashid and Ziud have been for
centuries in the western Sudan and are mostly Bakkara, the Ra-
shaida and Zebaydi'a in the east are recent immigrants and entirely
concerned with camels.
The same group occurs again in Sinai, where in 19 15, among the
seven sections of Sowarka inhabiting the north-east extremity of
^ Cp. Carbou, ii, 51 ff., and i, 18.
2 Ibid. II, 86-89.
^ A fraction of the Awlad Rashid are also incorporated among the Mahamid Um Gellul in Darfur (see later).
* Voy. au Ouadai, p. 16. Carbou {loc. cit.) speaks of the Awlad Rashid of Bornu as
a "fraction des Djo'ama" {i.e. Gawama'a), but the statement sounds rather curious.
^ Carbou, loc. cit. The other two main divisions in Wadai are given as " Hamida "
[Ahamda?] and " Azid." In Bornu they are divided into " Hemediya" and " Sawa- rima." Nachtigal {Voy. au Ouadai, p. 72) treats the Zebada as a distinct tribe and
says: "lis rassemblent beaucoup aux Oulad Rachid, sont k peine cuivres, bien
bStis mais fort peu civilises el tres pillards."
* The title " 'Akid el Zebada" survived in Wadai until the French occupation
as that of one of the important functionaries of the Sultanate.
' El Tunisi, Voy. au Ouaday, p. 250. He gives the Arabic spelling as Sjuj. Zebfd is "a large trading port nearly opposite to Masuah" [Massowa] (Bruce, Vol. Ill, Bk. Ill, p. 184).
* See Chap. 13 in this Part.
* Cp. the case of the " Beni Mansur," called " Manasfr," on the river and "Manasra" in Darfur and Kordofan (see Chap, i (d) above).