III. 3.x. THE GUHAYNA GROUP 283 The 'Abd el 'Ali section, like the Rizaykat, Messiri'a and Humr, generally claim to be descended from 'Ati'a and say they are the true original Hawazma, This may well be so: a distinction is commonly drawn, as the trees show, between the descendants of Gunayd through 'Atia on the one hand and through Haymad on the other, the Ta'aisha, the Habbani'a and the Beni Helba falling into the latter group and the Humr, Rizaykat, Messirta and Hawazma into the former; but the 'Abd el 'Ali of course contain many alien elements, e.g. "el Kura'an," like every other subtribe of Bakkara.

Of the Halafa we have already spoken. The RowowGA are alleged by the other Hawazma for the most part not to belong to the tribe at all, by descent that is, but to be in part Beni Seli'm and in part Kenana, and to have come at some distant period from the east and joined the 'Abd el 'Ali. They probably contain more Nuba blood than most of the other sections. Not only is one of their main divisions called Awlad Nuba but their names are suggestive: for instance, the head sheikh of the RowowGA, Daud el Mamun, gave the following pedigree in 19 13 to a Government Inspector : El Lieu I Hamid Abu Kitr I \ 1 Karongo Daud Gabrfl I I I Kakidri 'Ali Koko I I I Tawwar Mamun Mohanna Somi Daud "Karongo," "Kakidri" and "Koko" are obvious Nuba names, and " el Lieu " is certainly not Arabic. We obtain a distinct indication of the approximate date at which the Hawazma first broke away from the parent stem by examining the pedigrees of the present generation. The names of the eponymous ancestors of the main sections are quoted as those of sons, grandsons or great-grandsons of the original "Hazim," and are generally remembered by all, though the exact relationship of each to other is not ; but it is each man's own business to know how he is connected M. Carbou (il, 51-74) speaks of the Haymad ("Hemat") as the most important division of Bakkara descended from Gunayd. He gives their subtribes as following: "Oulad Hemed [Hamayd?], Oulad 'Amer, Noumourra, Djerarha, Selmaniye, Ta'acha, Nedjmiye et Habbaniye," and adds "Aux Hemat se rattachent encore: les Dja'adne, les Salamat, qui constituent une des tribus arabes les plus nombreuses de I'Afrique Centrale et les Khouzam."

- Capt. A. L. Hadow.