III. 1. XXXII. THE GA'ALlfN AND DANAGLA GROUP 225 confederacy they became entirely independent, left the country to the south and west to the GhodiAt and Bedayria and extended their own cultivation and grazing areas northwards so far as the then nomadic tribes of Dar Hamid and the like would allow them. Westwards they pushed into Darfur in not inconsiderable numbers, and the Ga'afiria section, probably at a later date, formed the settlement of el Sa'ata in the intermediate country now generally known as Dar Hamar.

The Gawama'a suffered very severely in the Mahdi'a. Slatin computes that scarcely a sixth remained of their original numbers in Kordofan. But they have wonderfully recuperated and the development of the extensive gum forests round el Taiara has made them prosperous. They and the Hamar are now the two largest sedentary tribes in Kordofan.

There are small colonies of Gawama'a, refugees by origin, living in the Gezi'ra and here and there along the White Nile, even as far south as Fama.

XXXII The following are the subdivisions of the tribe in Kordofan.

I. Homran