Chapter One

The History of the Sudanese Army and the Dialectic of Politics and the Military

Introduction: National security and defense issues are among the most prominent in building a state of institutions. A state of freedom, contrary to what is prevalent, does not mean chaos, terrorism, and randomness. Rather, it means the submission of all citizens to the law on equal footing and the achievement of security throughout the country and stability, as security is the primary condition for development and progress.

Our concept of security is also comprehensive and is not limited to military and intelligence issues, but extends to the concept of comprehensive state security, including the security of its borders, resources, energy security, food security, and social security. This is what demonstrates comprehensive state security as a reality and not just the strength of its military and security apparatus. (See the paragraph on achieving social security in Chapter Three of the "Sudan of the Future" program).

Geography and History of Sudan: Political

Sudan's area is 1,861,484 square kilometers (718,723 square miles). It is the third largest country in Africa by area. The Nile flows through Sudan. Sudan is bordered by Egypt and the Red Sea to the north, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, and Libya to the northwest. This geographical location is a strategic advantage, but at the same time, it brings threats to the vast borders adjacent to a number of countries.