## References and Sources **First: Books:** 1) Ahmed Osman Ibrahim: The Development of National Consciousness in Sudan (no date), Wad Madani, Dar Al-Nil Al-Azraq Printing and Publishing Press.

2) Ahmed Osman Ibrahim: From the Poetry of Al-Shaqa'iqiyya, 1st ed., Khartoum, Publishing Office, 1965.

3) Al-Tayeb Mohamed Al-Tayeb and others: Folk Heritage, The Storytelling Tribe, Sudan Research Division, Faculty of Arts, University of Khartoum, August 1969, No. 8.

4) Al-Tayeb Mohamed Al-Tayeb: Al-Masid, 1st ed., Khartoum, Khartoum University Press, 1991.

5) Al-Haj Ali Saleh Jib Allah: Memoirs of a Former Omdah, 2nd ed., Tahama Publishing, 1994.

6) Tariq Ahmed Osman: The Khatmiyya Tariqa in Sudan 1950-1981, 1st ed., Center for African Research and Studies, 1998, Africa International University Press.

7) Tariq Ahmed Osman: Sayyid Ali Al-Mirghani, an article in the journal African Studies, published by the Center for African Research and Studies, Africa International University, Issue 18, January 1998.

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