**African** **Studies** A Biannual Research Journal **In this issue** ☐ **Internal Deficiencies in Arab and Islamic Formal Institutions** By: Al-Sadiq Al-Mahdi ☐ **Globalization and its Repercussions on Sovereignty, Peace, and Harmony in the Red Sea Basin** By: Prof. Dr. Hassan Makki Mohamed Ahmed ☐ **Oqba and Kairouan** By: Dr. Al-Nasser Abdullah Abudowak ☐ **The Concept of Self among Africans: A Christian Study among** **African Students at the International African University** By: Dr. Abd Al-Baqi Dafalla Ahmed ☐ **Mudathir Ali Al-Bush (1901-1985 AD) and his Role in the Political, Social, Religious, and Literary Life in Sudan** By: Dr. Tariq Ahmed Othman Issue Twenty-Nine - Year Nineteen - June 2003 AD / Rabi' al-Awwal 1424 AH