Islam and its Role in Sudanese-Egyptian Relations Footnotes: 1. Youssef Fadl Hassan (Professor): The Historical Background of the People of the Nile Valley, Supreme Council for Integration, October 1991, Offset Printing Press, p. 5. 2. Ibid., same page. 3. Muhammad Ibrahim Bakr (Dr.): Ancient History of Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Library (n.d.), p. 9. 4. Youssef Fadl Hassan (Professor): Studies in the History of Sudan, 1st ed., Khartoum, Dar Al-Tiba'ah Jami'at Al-Khartoum, 1979, pp. 21, 24. 5. Ahmed Al-Hefnawi (Dr.): Sudan of the Nile Valley under Islam, Dar Al-Ma'arif, 1974, pp. 144, 145. 6. Youssef Fadl Hassan (Professor): Landmarks in the History of Sudan, First Collection, Youssef Fadl Hassan and others, Khartoum, Dar Al-Fikr for Printing (n.d.), pp. 7, 8. 7. Mustafa Muhammad Massad (Dr.): Islam and Nubia in the Middle Ages, a study in the history and civilization of Sudan until the early 10th century AD, Cairo: Anglo-Egyptian Library, 1978, p. 11. 8. Youssef Fadl Hassan (Professor): Human Migrations and their Impact on the Spread of Islam in Sudan, 1st ed., Khartoum: Dar Al-Asalah for Islamic Culture, November 1981, pp. 140, 141. 9. Mustafa Muhammad Massad (Dr.): The previous reference, p. 111. 10. Youssef Fadl Hassan (Professor): The Islamic Funj Sultanate, its role in the history of Sudan of the Nile Valley, African Studies, Center for African Research and Studies, University of Africa, Issue 22, December 1991, p. 14. 11. Ahmed Al-Hefnawi, the previous reference, pp. 172, 173. 12. Ibid., p. 72. 13. Muhammad Al-Nur bin Dhaif Allah: Kitab Al-Tabaqat concerning the Saints, the Pious, the Scholars, and the Poets in Sudan, investigated by Youssef Fadl Hassan, 1st ed., Dar Al-Tiba'ah Jami'at Al-Khartoum, 1971, pp. 179, 180. 14. Ibid., pp. 14, 144. 15. African Studies.