OUB MAP. 267 continual petty feuds among themselves, as do a number of slave-dealers who still live in Shaka.

From Lado to Dara we had marched about 1200 miles in fifty-seven days ; and that portion of our journey we have carefully mapped. We intended to continue our observations as far as Khartoum, but unfortunately our last watch broke down at Dara ; and as a watch was an absolute necessity, our work could not be continued. Let me explain how the map has been constructed.

The watch and pocket compass have been used for observing the direction of the route, and an observation has been made at least every fifteen minutes, and sometimes at even more frequent intervals, so that some 1600 observations were made between Lado and Dara, to enable us to plot the route with an exactness which without such care could not have been attained. This number of observations does not include the entries into our note-books of mountains, rivers, altitudes, villages, cultivation, and small streams, nor the numerous notes as to the vegetation, character of the soil, and physical features which will be seen embodied in the map.

The positions of mountains were fixed by bearings taken by a prismatic compass, and wherever possible three or more bearings were taken from different points for each mountain. The breadth of rivers was ascertained by triangulation. The altitudes depend upon the readings of two aneroids, which