NEW FIELDS FOR TRADE. 215 tions, it is reasonable to expect that a large, permanent, and steady trade would be created. In every country where a demand is created for the produce of civilised lands, means are found to supply it; and the natives soon begin to develop the natural capabilities of the soil in order to gratify their desires. Kayonga, with his cotton-growing and indiarubber collecting, is an example ; but it is not to be expected that men should work with much heart, when they know that all their efforts will but enrich the tyrannical tax-gatherer, and bring little benefit to themselves. The province of Kordofan is not the most hopeful field, want of water being a most serious impediment to all industry ; but in Darfour and the vaster fields of the Bahr-el'Ghazel much might be accomplished; and to show what can be done under a wise and just governor, I quote the following extracts from a letter written by Gessi Pasha, on May 11, 1880, from Dembo, in lat. 8 30' N., and which appeared in the ' Oesterreiche Monatschrift fiir den Orient ' : — " I have charged myself with endeavouring to find unknown productions that would yield a higher tax than ivory. Thus I have collected, this year, nearly 150 cwts. of caoutchouc, and a great quantity of tamarinds. I reckon upon collecting next season over 400 cwts. of tamarinds. In the country of the Nyam Nyams there are whole forests producing